The Australian Treatment Outcomes Study - Heroin (ATOS) is a longitudinal prospective study of a cohort of heroin dependent individuals seeking treatment for problems associated with the use of heroin. The study aims to: 1. Describe the characteristics of people seeking treatment for problems associated with heroin use, 2. Describe the treatment received, and 3. Examine treatment outcomes (drug use, physical and mental health, risk-taking and criminal behaviour) and costs at 3 and 12 months after commencement of treatment.